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Signal Processing (SP)
Department of InformaticsSignal Processing (SP)

Photo: Timo Gerkmann/SP

Signal Processing

Publications

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Book Publications and Dissertations

  1. Robert Rehr, "Robust Speech Enhancement Using Statistical Signal Processing and Machine-Learning", Dissertation Universität Hamburg, Jan. 2019.
  2. Timo Gerkmann and Emmanuel Vincent, "Spectral Masking and Filtering", In E. Vincent, T. Virtanen, S. Gannot (Eds.), Audio Source Separation and Speech Enhancement, Wiley 2018, ISBN 978-1-119-27989-1, Sep. 2018.
  3. Martin Krawczyk-Becker, "Phase-Aware Single-Channel Speech Enhancement", Verlag Dr. Hut, ISBN 978-3-8439-2918-9, Dec. 2016.
  4. Richard C. Hendriks, Timo Gerkmann, Jesper Jensen, "DFT-Domain Based Single-Microphone Noise Reduction for Speech Enhancement - A Survey of the State of the Art", Synthesis Lectures on Speech and Audio Processing, Morgan & Claypool Publishers, pp. 1-80, ISBN 978-1-62705-143-9, Jan. 2013. [doi]
  5. Timo Gerkmann, "Statistical Analysis of Cepstral Coefficients and Applications in Speech Enhancement", Verlag Dr. Hut, ISBN 978-3-86853-696-6, Dec. 2010. [download]

Journals

2023

  1. Kristina Tesch, Timo Gerkmann, "Insights into Deep Non-linear Filters for Improved Multi-channel Speech Enhancement", IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio, Speech, Language Proc., Vol. 31, pp. 563-575, 2023. [doi][arxiv][audio]

    2022
  2. Tal Peer, Timo Gerkmann, "Phase-Aware Deep Speech Enhancement: It's All About The Frame Length", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Express Letters, Vol. 2, No. 10, 2022. [doi]

    2021
  3. Kristina Tesch, Timo Gerkmann, "Nonlinear Spatial Filtering in Multichannel Speech Enhancement", IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio, Speech, Language Proc., Vol. 29, pp. 1795-1805, 2021. [doi] [arxiv] [audio],  ITG VDE award 2022
  4. Tobias Knopp, Mirco Grosser, Matthias Gräser, Timo Gerkmann, Martin Möddel, "Efficient Joint Estimation of Tracer Distribution and Background Signals in Magnetic Particle Imaging using a Dictionary Approach", IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 2021. [doi][arxiv]
  5. Robert Rehr, Timo Gerkmann, "SNR-Based Features and Diverse Training Data for Robust DNN-Based Speech Enhancement", IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio, Speech, Language Proc., Vol. 29, pp. 1937-1949, 2021. [doi][arxiv][audio]

    2020
  6. Lux Li, Robert Rehr, Patrick Bruns, Timo Gerkmann, Brigitte Röder, "A survey on probabilistic models in human perception and machines", Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Vol. 7, No. 85, pp. 1-9, Jul. 2020. [doi]

    2019
  7. T. Knopp, N. Gdaniec, R. Rehr, M. Graeser, T. Gerkmann, "Correction of linear system drifts in magnetic particle imaging", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 64, No. 12, Jun. 2019. [doi]

    2018
  8. Martin Krawczyk-Becker, Timo Gerkmann, "On Speech Enhancement Under PSD Uncertainty", IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio, Speech, Language Proc., Vol. 26, No. 6, Jun. 2018. [doi] [download]
  9. Steffen Kortlang, Zhangli Chen, Timo Gerkmann, Birger Kollmeier, Volker Hohmann, and Stephan D. Ewert, "Evaluation of combined dynamic compression and single channel noise reduction for hearing aid applications", Int. J. Audiology, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. S43-S54, 2018. [doi]
  10. Rainer Huber, Thomas Bisitz, Timo Gerkmann, Jürgen Kiessling, Hartmut Meister, Birger Kollmeier, "Comparison of single-microphone noise reduction schemes: can hearing impaired listeners tell the difference?", Int. J. Audiology, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. S55-S61, 2018. [doi]
  11. Robert Rehr, Timo Gerkmann, "On the Importance of Super-Gaussian Speech Priors for Machine-Learning Based Speech Enhancement", IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio, Speech, Language Proc., Vol. 26, No. 2, Feb. 2018. [doi], [audio], [download]

    2017

  12. Jens-Alrik Adrian, Timo Gerkmann, Steven van de Par, Joerg Bitzer, "Synthesis of Perceptually Plausible Multichannel Noise Signals Controlled by Real World Statistical Noise Properties", Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol. 65, No. 11, pp. 914-928, Nov. 2017. [doi], [Code and Audio]
  13. Matthias Brandt, Simon Doclo, Timo Gerkmann, Joerg Bitzer, "Impulsive Disturbances in Audio Archives: Signal Classification for Automatic Restoration", Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol. 65, No. 10, pp. 826-840, Oct. 2017. [doi]
  14. Robert Rehr, Timo Gerkmann, "An Analysis of Adaptive Recursive Smoothing with Applications to Noise PSD Estimation", IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio, Speech, Language Proc., Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 397-408, Feb. 2017. [doi] [download]
  15. Ante Jukic, Toon van Waterschoot, Timo Gerkmann, Simon Doclo, "A General Framework for Incorporating Time–Frequency Domain Sparsity in Multichannel Speech Dereverberation", J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 65, No. 1/2, pp. 17-30, Jan. 2017. [doi]

    2016

  16. Martin Krawczyk-Becker, Timo Gerkmann, "On MMSE-Based Estimation of Amplitude and Complex Speech Spectral Coefficients Under Phase-Uncertainty", IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio, Speech, Language Proc., Vol. 24, No. 12, pp. 2251-2262, Dec. 2016. [doi] [download] 
  17. Martin Krawczyk-Becker, Timo Gerkmann, "An evaluation of the perceptual quality of phase-aware single-channel speech enhancement", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 140, EL364-EL369, Oct. 2016. [audio] [doi] [download]
  18. Martin Krawczyk-Becker, Timo Gerkmann, "Fundamental Frequency Informed Speech Enhancement in a Flexible Statistical Framework", IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio, Speech, Language Proc., Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 940-951, May 2016. [doi] [download] 

    2015

  19. R.M. Baumgärtel, M. Krawczyk-Becker, D. Marquardt, C. Völker, H. Hu, T. Herzke, G. Coleman, K. Adiloglu, S.M.A Ernst, T. Gerkmann, S. Doclo, B. Kollmeier, V. Hohmann, M. Dietz, "Comparing Binaural Pre-Processing Strategies I: Instrumental Evaluation", Trends in Hearing, Vol. 19, 2015. [doi]
  20. R.M. Baumgärtel, H. Hu, M. Krawczyk-Becker, D. Marquardt, T. Herzke, G. Coleman, K. Adiloglu, K. Bomke, K. Plotz, T. Gerkmann, S. Doclo, S., B. Kollmeier, V. Hohmann, M. Dietz, "Comparing Binaural Pre-Processing Strategies II: Speech Intelligibility of Bilateral Cochlear Implant Users", Trends in Hearing, Vol. 19, 2015. [doi]
  21. Benjamin Cauchi, Ina Kodrasi, Robert Rehr, Stephan Gerlach, Ante Jukic, Timo Gerkmann, Simon Doclo, Stefan Goetze, "Combination of MVDR beamforming and single-channel spectral processing for enhancing noisy and reverberant speech", EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, Dec. 2015. [doi]
  22. Feifei Xiong, Bernd T. Meyer, Niko Moritz, Robert Rehr, Joern Anemueller, Timo Gerkmann, Simon Doclo, Stefan Goetze, "Front-End Technologies for Robust ASR in Reverberant Environments - Spectral Enhancement-based Dereverberation and Auditory Modulation Filterbank", EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, Dec. 2015. [doi]
  23. Ante Jukić, Toon van Waterschoot, Timo Gerkmann, Simon Doclo, "Multi-Channel Linear Prediction-Based Speech Dereverberation With Sparse Priors", IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio, Speech, Language Proc., Vol. 23, No. 9, pp. 1509-1520, Sep. 2015. [doi] [download] 
  24. Lin Wang, Timo Gerkmann, Simon Doclo, "Noise Power Spectral Density Estimation Using MaxNSR Blocking Matrix", IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio, Speech, Language Proc., Vol. 23, No. 9, pp. 1493-1508, Sep. 2015. [doi] [download] 
  25. Timo Gerkmann, Martin Krawczyk-Becker, Jonathan Le Roux, "Phase Processing for Single Channel Speech Enhancement: History and Recent Advances", IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 55-66, Mar. 2015. [more] [doi] [download]
  26. Alexander Schasse, Timo Gerkmann, Rainer Martin, Wolfgang Sörgel, Thomas Pilgrim, Henning Puder, "Two-Stage Filter-Bank System for Improved Single-Channel Noise Reduction in Hearing Aids", IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio, Speech, Language Proc., Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 383-393, Feb. 2015. [doi] [download] 

    2014

  27. Martin Krawczyk, Timo Gerkmann, "STFT Phase Reconstruction in Voiced Speech for an Improved Single-Channel Speech Enhancement", IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio, Speech, Language Proc., Vol. 22, No. 12, pp. 1931-1940, Dec. 2014. [Audio + Code] [doi] [download] 
  28. Timo Gerkmann, "Bayesian estimation of clean speech spectral coefficients given a priori knowledge of the phase", IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, Vol. 62, No. 16, pp. 4199-4208, 15 Aug. 2014. [Audio] [doi] [download] 

    2013

  29. Timo Gerkmann, Martin Krawczyk, "MMSE-Optimal Spectral Amplitude Estimation Given the STFT-Phase", IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 129-132, Feb. 2013. [Audio and Code] [doi] [download] 

    2012

  30. Timo Gerkmann, Richard C. Hendriks, "Unbiased MMSE-based Noise Power Estimation with Low Complexity and Low Tracking Delay", IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech and Language Processing, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 1383 - 1393, May 2012. [Code and audio] [doi] [download]  
  31. Richard C. Hendriks, Timo Gerkmann, "Noise Correlation Matrix Estimation for Multi-Microphone Speech Enhancement", IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech and Language Processing, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 223-233. Jan. 2012. [doi] [download]  

    2011

  32. Rainer Martin, Timo Gerkmann, "Besser Hören dank Algorithmen", Deutsche Zeitschrift für klinische Forschung, pp. 38-43, Sep. 2011. 
  33. Rainer Martin, Timo Gerkmann, "Besser Hören dank Algorithmen: Wie digitale Signalverarbeitung Hörgeräte verbessert und die Kommunikation erleichtert", rubin Wissenschaftsmagazin, Spring 2011. 

    2009

  34. Timo Gerkmann, Rainer Martin, "On the Statistics of Spectral Amplitudes After Variance Reduction by Temporal Cepstrum Smoothing and Cepstral Nulling", IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, Vol. 57, No. 11, pp. 4165-4174, Nov. 2009. [doi] [download] 

    2008

  35. Timo Gerkmann, Colin Breithaupt, Rainer Martin, "Improved A Posteriori Speech Presence Probability Estimation Based on a Likelihood Ratio with Fixed Priors", IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech and Language Processing, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 910-919, Jul. 2008. [doi] [download] 

    2007

  36. Colin Breithaupt, Timo Gerkmann, Rainer Martin, "Cepstral Smoothing of Spectral Filter Gains for Speech Enhancement Without Musical Noise", IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 14, No. 12, pp. 1036-1039, Dec. 2007. [doi] [download]

Peer-reviewed Conferences

2023

  1. Julius Richter, Simon Welker, Jean-Marie Lemercier, Bunlong Lay, Tal Peer, Timo Gerkmann, "Speech Signal Improvement Using Causal Generative Diffusion Models", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Rhodes Island, Greece, Jun 2023. [arxiv]
  2. Kristina Tesch, Timo Gerkmann, "Spatially Selective Deep Non-linear Filters for Speaker Extraction", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Rhodes Island, Greece, Jun 2023. [arxiv]
  3. Tal Peer, Simon Welker, Timo Gerkmann, "DiffPhase: Generative Diffusion-based STFT Phase Retrieval", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Rhodes Island, Greece, Jun 2023. [arxiv]
  4. Jean-Marie Lemercier, Julius Richter, Simon Welker, Timo Gerkmann, "Analysing Diffusion-based Generative Approaches versus Discriminative Approaches for Speech Restoration", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Rhodes Island, Greece, Jun 2023. [arxiv]
  5. Huajian Fang, Niklas Wittmer, Johannes Twiefel, Stefan Wermter, Timo Gerkmann, "Partially Adaptive Multichannel Joint Reduction of Ego-noise and Environmental Noise", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Rhodes Island, Greece, Jun 2023
  6. Huajian Fang, Timo Gerkmann, "Uncertainty Estimation in Deep Speech Enhancement Using Complex Gaussian Mixture Models", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Rhodes Island, Greece, Jun 2023. [arxiv]

    2022

  7. Simon Welker, Henry N. Chapman, Timo Gerkmann, "Blind Drifting: Diffusion models with a linear SDE drift term for blind image restoration tasks", NeurIPS Workshop DLDE (Spotlight), 2022. [download]
  8. Navin Raj Prabhu, Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock, Timo Gerkmann, "Label Uncertainty Modeling and Prediction for Speech Emotion Recognition using t-Distributions", Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII), Nara, Japan, Oct. 2022 [doi][arxiv]
  9. Bunlong Lay, Timo Gerkmann, "Speech Enhancement Regularized by a Speaker Verification Model", Int. Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP), Shanghai, China, Sep. 2022. [doi]
  10. Tal Peer, Simon Welker, Timo Gerkmann, "Beyond Griffin-Lim: Improved Iterative Phase Retrieval for Speech", Int. Workshop on Acoustic Signal Enhancement (IWAENC), Bamberg, Germany, Sep. 2022 [arxiv] [doi]
  11. Kristina Tesch, Nils-Hendrik Mohrmann, Timo Gerkmann, "On the Role of Spatial, Spectral, and Temporal Processing for DNN-based Non-linear Multi-channel Speech Enhancement", ISCA Interspeech,  Incheon, Korea, Sep. 2022 [arxiv] [audio] [doi]
  12. Navin Raj Prabhu, Guillaume Carbajal, Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock, Timo Gerkmann, "End-To-End Label Uncertainty Modeling for Speech-based Arousal Recognition Using Bayesian Neural Networks", ISCA Interspeech, Incheon, Korea, Sep. 2022 [arxiv] [doi]
  13. Simon Welker, Julius Richter, Timo Gerkmann, "Speech Enhancement with Score-Based Generative Models in the Complex STFT Domain", ISCA Interspeech, Incheon, Korea, Sep. 2022 [arxiv] [audio] [doi]
  14. Danilo de Oliveira, Tal Peer, Timo Gerkmann, "Efficient Transformer-based Speech Enhancement Using Long Frames and STFT Magnitudes", ISCA Interspeech, Incheon, Korea, Sep. 2022 [arxiv] [audio] [doi]
  15. Jean-Marie Lemercier, Joachim Thiemann, Raphael Koning, Timo Gerkmann, "Neural Network-augmented Kalman Filtering for Robust Online Speech Dereverberation in Noisy Reverberant Environments", ISCA Interspeech, Incheon, Korea, Sep. 2022 [arxiv][doi]
  16. Julius Richter, Jeanine Liebold, Timo Gerkmann, "Continuous Phoneme Recognition based on Audio-Visual Modality Fusion", IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Padua, Italy, Jul. 2022. [doi]
  17. Jean-Marie Lemercier, Joachim Thiemann, Raphael Koning, Timo Gerkmann, "Customizable End-To-End Optimization Of Online Neural Network-Supported Dereverberation For Hearing Devices", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Singapore, May 2022. [doi] [arxiv] [download]
  18. Simon Welker, Tal Peer, Henry Chapman, Timo Gerkmann, "Deep Iterative Phase Retrieval For Ptychography", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Singapore, May 2022. [doi] [arxiv] [download]
  19. Huajian Fang, Tal Peer, Stefan Wermter, Timo Gerkmann, "Integrating Statistical Uncertainty Into Neural Network-Based Speech Enhancement", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Singapore, May 2022. [doi][arxiv]

    2021

  20. Xiaolin Hu, Kai Li, Weiyi Zhang, Yi Luo, Jean-Marie Lemercier, Timo Gerkmann, "Speech Separation Using an Asynchronous Fully Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network", NeurIPS, Dec. 2021. [download]
  21. Guillaume Carbajal, Julius Richter, Timo Gerkmann,"Disentanglement Learning for Variational Autoencoders Applied to Audio-Visual Speech Enhancement", IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA), New Paltz, NY, USA, Oct. 2021. [arxiv][doi]
  22. Danu Caus, Guillaume Carbajal, Timo Gerkmann, Simone Frintrop, "See the silence: improving visual-only voice activity detection by optical flow and RGB fusion", Int. Conference on Computer Vision Systems (ICVS), Sep. 2021. [download]
  23. Tal Peer, Timo Gerkmann, "Intelligibility Prediction of Speech Reconstructed From Its Magnitude or Phase", ITG Conference on Speech Communication, Kiel, Germany, Sep. 2021.
  24. Tal Peer, Klaus-Johan Ziegert, Timo Gerkmann, "Plosive Enhancement using Phase Linearization and Smoothing", ITG Conference on Speech Communication, Kiel, Germany, Sep. 2021.
  25. Jean-Marie Lemercier, Leroy Bartel, David Ditter and Timo Gerkmann, "An Integrated Deep-Clustering Based System for Speaker Count Agnostic Speech Separation", ITG Conference on Speech Communication, Kiel, Germany, Sep. 2021.
  26. Huajian Fang, Guillaume Carbajal, Stefan Wermter and Timo Gerkmann, "Joint Reduction of Ego-noise and Environmental Noise with a Partially-adaptive Dictionary", ITG Conference on Speech Communication, Kiel, Germany, Sep. 2021.
  27. Guillaume Carbajal, Julius Richter, Timo Gerkmann,"Guided Variational Autoencoder for Speech Enhancement with a Supervised Classifier", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Jun. 2021. [doi][arxiv]
  28. Huajian Fang, Guillaume Carbajal, Stefan Wermter, Timo Gerkmann, "Variational Autoencoder for Speech Enhancement With a Noise-Aware Encoder", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Jun. 2021. [doi][arxiv]
  29. Tobias Knopp, Mirco Grosser, Matthias Graeser, Timo Gerkmann, Martin Möddel, "Dictionary-Based Background Signal Estimation for Magnetic Particle Imaging", IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), Apr. 2021. [doi]

    2020

  30. Julius Richter, Guillaume Carbajal, Timo Gerkmann, "Speech Enhancement with Stochastic Temporal Convolutional Networks", ISCA Interspeech, Shanghai, China, Oct. 2020. [doi] [download] [audio]
  31. Pariente, M., Cornell, S., Cosentino, J., Sivasankaran, S., Tzinis, E., Heitkaemper, J., Olvera, M., Stöter, F., Hu, M., Martín-Doñas, J.M., Ditter, D., Frank, A., Deleforge, A., Vincent, E. "Asteroid: The PyTorch-Based Audio Source Separation Toolkit for Researchers", ISCA Interspeech, Shanghai, China, Oct. 2020. [doi] [download] [code] 
  32. Quan Nguyen, Julius Richter, Mikko Lauri, Timo Gerkmann, Simone Frintrop, "Improving mix-and-separate training in audio-visual sound source separation with an object prior", ICPR 2020. [doi] [download]
  33. Hongzhuo Liang, Chuangchuang Zhou, Shuang Li, Xiaojian Ma, Norman Hendrich, Timo Gerkmann, Fuchun Sun, Marcus Stoffel, Jianwei Zhang, "Robust Robotic Pouring Using Audition and Haptics", IEEE/RSJ IROS 2020, Las Vegas, USA, Oct 2020. [doi] [arxiv]
  34. Kristina Tesch, Timo Gerkmann, "Nonlinear Spatial Filtering for Multichannel Speech Enhancement in Inhomogeneous Noise Fields",  IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Barcelona, Spain, May 2020. [doi] [download]
  35. David Ditter, Timo Gerkmann, "A Multi-Phase Gammatone Filterbank for Speech Separation via TasNet",  IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Barcelona, Spain, May 2020. [doi] [download] [code]

    2019

  36. Kristina Tesch, Robert Rehr, Timo Gerkmann, "On Nonlinear Spatial Filtering in Multichannel Speech Enhancement", ISCA Interspeech, Graz, Austria, Sep. 2019. [doi] [download]
  37. David Ditter, Timo Gerkmann. "Influence of Speaker-Specific Parameters on Speech Separation Systems", ISCA Interspeech, Graz, Austria, Sep. 2019. [doi]  [download]
  38. Hongzhuo Liang, Shuang Li, Xiaojian Ma, Norman Hendrich, Timo Gerkmann, Jianwei Zhang, "Making Sense of Audio Vibration for Liquid Height Estimation in Robotic Pouring", IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Macau, China, Nov. 2019. [doi], [arxiv], [video]
  39. Robert Rehr, Timo Gerkmann, "An Analysis of Noise-aware Features in Combination with the Size and Diversity of Training Data for DNN-based Speech Enhancement", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Brighton, UK, May 2019. [doi] [download]

    2018

  40. Robert Rehr, Timo Gerkmann, "Robust DNN-Based Speech Enhancement with Limited Training Data", ITG Conference on Speech Communication, Oldenburg, Germany, Oct. 2018. [download]
  41. Martin Krawczyk-Becker, Timo Gerkmann, "A Study on the Benefits of Phase-Aware Speech Enhancement in Challenging Noise Scenarios", Int. Conf. Latent Variable Analysis and Signal Separation (LVA ICA), Guildford, UK, Jul. 2018. [doi] [download]
  42. Martin Krawczyk-Becker, Timo Gerkmann, "Nonlinear Speech Enhancement Under Speech PSD Uncertainty", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Calgary, Canada, Apr. 2018. [doi] [download]
  43. Huy Phan, Martin Krawczyk-Becker, Timo Gerkmann, Alfred Mertins, "Weighted and Multi-Task Loss for Rare Audio Event Detection", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Calgary, Canada, Apr. 2018". [doi] [download]

    2017

  44. Robert Rehr, Timo Gerkmann, "MixMax Approximation as a Super-Gaussian Log-Spectral Amplitude Estimator for Speech Enhancement", ISCA Interspeech, Stockholm, Sweden, Aug. 2017.  [doi] [download][audio]

    2016

  45. Robert Rehr, Timo Gerkmann, "A Combination of Pre-Trained Approaches and Generic Methods for an Improved Speech Enhancement", ITG Conference on Speech Communication, Paderborn, Germany, Oct. 2016.  [download] 
  46. Dörte Fischer, Simon Doclo and Emanuel A. P. Habets, Timo Gerkmann, "Combined Single-Microphone Wiener and MVDR Filtering based on Speech Interframe Correlations and Speech Presence Probability", ITG Conference on Speech Communication, Paderborn, Germany, Oct. 2016. [download] 
  47. Ante Jukić, Zichao Wang, Toon van Waterschoot, Timo Gerkmann, Simon Doclo, "Constrained multi-channel linear prediction for adaptive speech dereverberation", Int. Workshop on Acoustic Signal Enhancement (IWAENC), Xi'an, China, Sept. 2016.  [doi] [download] 
  48. Christoph Brauer, Timo Gerkmann, Dirk Lorenz, "Sparse Reconstruction of Quantized Speech Signals", in IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Shanghai, China, Mar. 2016.  [doi] [download] 
  49. Robert Rehr, Timo Gerkmann, "Bias Correction Methods for Adaptive Recursive Smoothing With Applications in Noise PSD Estimation", in IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Shanghai, China, Mar. 2016.  [doi] [download] 
  50. Benjamin Cauchi, Hamza Javed, Timo Gerkmann, Simon Doclo, Stefan Goetze, Patrick A. Naylor, "Perceptual and Instrumental Evaluation of the Perceived Level of Reverberation", in IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Shanghai, China, Mar. 2016. [doi] [download] 
  51. Dörte Fischer, Timo Gerkmann, "Single-Microphone Speech Enhancement Using MVDR Filtering and Wiener Post-Filtering", in IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Shanghai, China, Mar. 2016.  [doi] [download] 
  52. Benjamin Cauchi, Timo Gerkmann, Simon Doclo, Patrick A. Naylor, Stefan Goetze, "Spectrally and spatially informed noise suppression using beamforming and convolutive NMF", AES 60th Conference, Leuven, Belgium, Feb. 2016. 
  53. Naveen Kumar Desiraju, Simon Doclo, Markus Buck, Timo Gerkmann, Tobias Wolff, "On determining optimal reverberation parameters for late residual echo suppression", AES 60th Conference, Leuven, Belgium, Feb. 2016. 
  54. Ante Jukic, Toon van Waterschoot, Timo Gerkmann, Simon Doclo, "A general framework for multi-channel speech dereverberation exploiting sparsity", AES 60th Conference, Leuven, Belgium, Feb. 2016. 

    2015

  55. Robert Rehr, Timo Gerkmann, "On the Bias of Adaptive First-Order Recursive Smoothing", IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA), New Paltz, NY, USA, Oct. 2015. [doi] [download] 
  56. Martin Krawczyk-Becker, Timo Gerkmann, "MMSE-Optimal Combination of Wiener Filtering and Harmonic Model Based Speech Enhancement in a General Framework", IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA), New Paltz, NY, USA, Oct. 2015.  [doi] [download] 
  57. Ante Jukić, Toon van Waterschoot, Timo Gerkmann, Simon Doclo, "Group sparsity for MIMO speech dereverberation", IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA), New Paltz, NY, USA, Oct. 2015.  [doi] [download] 
  58. Sidsel Marie Nørholm, Martin Krawczyk-Becker, Timo Gerkmann, Steven van de Par, Jesper Rindom Jensen, Mads Græsbøll Christensen, "Least Squares Estimate of the Initial Phases in STFT based Speech Enhancement", in ISCA Interspeech, Dresden, Germany, Sep. 2015. [doi] [download]
  59. Benjamin Cauchi, Patrick Naylor, Timo Gerkmann, Simon Doclo, Stefan Goetze, "Late Reverberant Spectral Variance Estimation Using Acoustic Channel Equalization", in European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Nice, France, Sep. 2015.  [doi] [download] 
  60. Robert Rehr, Timo Gerkmann, "Cepstral Noise Subtraction for Robust Automatic Speech Recognition", in IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Brisbane, Australia, Apr. 2015.  [doi] [download] 
  61. Martin Krawczyk-Becker, Dörte Fischer, Timo Gerkmann, "Utilizing Spectro-temporal Correlations for an Improved Speech Presence Probability Based Noise Power Estimation", in IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Brisbane, Australia, Apr. 2015.  [doi] [download] 
  62. Ante Jukić, Nasser Mohammadiha, Toon van Waterschoot, Timo Gerkmann, Simon Doclo, "Multi-channel Linear Prediction-based Speech Dereverberation with Low-rank Power Spectrogram Approximation", in IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Brisbane, Australia, Apr. 2015.  [doi] [download] 
  63. Adam Kuklasiński, Simon Doclo, Timo Gerkmann, Søren Holdt Jensen, Jesper Jensen, "Multi-channel PSD Estimators for Speech Dereverberation: A Theoretical and Experimental Comparison", in IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Brisbane, Australia, Apr. 2015.  [doi] [download] 

    2014

  64. Tobias May, Timo Gerkmann, "Generalization of supervised learning for binary mask estimation", International Workshop on Acoustic Signal Enhancement (IWAENC), pp. 155-159, Antibes, France, Sep. 2014.  [doi] [download] 
  65. Balazs Fodor, Timo Gerkmann, ”A Posteriori Speech Presence Probability Estimation Based on Averaged Observations and a Super-Gaussian Speech Model”, International Workshop on Acoustic Signal Enhancement (IWAENC), Antibes, France, Sep. 2014.  [doi] [download] 
  66. Stefan Goetze, Anna Warzybok, Ina Kodrasi, Jan Ole Jungmann, Benjamin Cauchi, Jan Rennies, Emanuel Habets, Alfred Mertins, Timo Gerkmann, Simon Doclo, Birger Kollmeier, "A Study on Speech Quality and Speech Intelligibility Measures for Quality Assessment of Single-Channel Dereverberation Algorithms", International Workshop on Acoustic Signal Enhancement (IWAENC), pp. 234-238, Antibes, France, Sep. 2014.  [doi] [download] 
  67. Anna Warzybok, Ina Kodrasi, Jan Ole Jungmann, Emanuel Habets, Timo Gerkmann, Alfred Mertins, Simon Doclo, Birger Kollmeier, Stefan Goetze, "Subjective Speech Quality and Speech Intelligibility Evaluation of Single-Channel Dereverberation Algorithms", International Workshop on Acoustic Signal Enhancement (IWAENC), pp. 333-337, Antibes, France, Sep. 2014.  [doi] [download] 
  68. Steffen Kortlang, Stephan Ewert, Timo Gerkmann, "Single Channel Noise Reduction based on an Auditory Filterbank", International Workshop on Acoustic Signal Enhancement (IWAENC), pp. 284--288, Antibes, France, Sep. 2014.  [doi] [download] 
  69. Ante Jukic, Toon van Waterschoot, Timo Gerkmann, Simon Doclo, "Speech dereverberation with convolutive transfer function approximation using MAP and variational deconvolution approaches", International Workshop on Acoustic Signal Enhancement (IWAENC), pp. 51-55, Antibes, France, Sep. 2014.  [doi] [download] 
  70. Balazs Fodor, Timo Gerkmann, "A Speech Presence Probability Estimator Based on Fixed Priors and a Heavy-Tailed Speech Model", European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Lisbon Portugal, Sep. 2014.  [download] 
  71. Naveen K. Desiraju, Simon Doclo , Timo Gerkmann, Tobias Wolff, "Efficient Multi-Channel Acoustic Echo Cancellation Using Constrained Sparse Filter Updates in the Subband Domain", ITG Fachtagung Sprachkommunikation, Sep. 2014.  [download] 
  72. Timo Gerkmann, “MMSE-optimal enhancement of complex speech coefficients with uncertain prior knowledge of the clean speech phase,” in IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Florence, Italy, May 2014. [Audio]  [doi] [download] 
  73. Ina Kodrasi, Timo Gerkmann, and Simon Doclo, “Frequency-domain single-channel inverse filtering for speech dereverberation: Theory and practice,” in IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Florence, Italy, May 2014.  [doi] [download] 
  74. Robert Rehr, Martin Krawczyk, and Timo Gerkmann, “A posteriori voiced / unvoiced probability estimation based on a sinusoidal model,” in IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Florence, Italy, May 2014.  [doi] [download] 
  75. Ante Jukic, Toon van Waterschoot, Timo Gerkmann, and Simon Doclo, “Speech dereverberation with multi-channel linear prediction and sparse priors for the desired signal,” in Hands-free Speech Communication and Microphone Arrays (HSCMA), Nancy, France, May 2014.  [doi] [download] 
  76. Benjamin Cauchi, Ina Kodrasi, Robert Rehr, Stephan Gerlach, Ante Jukic, Timo Gerkmann, Simon Doclo, and Stefan Goetze, “Joint dereverberation and noise reduction using beamforming and a single-channel speech enhancement scheme,” in The REVERB challenge, Florence, Italy, May 2014.  [download] 
  77. Feifei Xiong, Niko Moritz, Robert Rehr, Joern Anemueller, Bernd Meyer, Timo Gerkmann, Simon Doclo, and Stefan Goetze, “Robust ASR in reverberant environments using temporal cepstrum smoothing for speech enhancement and an amplitude modulation filterbank for feature extraction,” in The REVERB challenge, Florence, Italy, May 2014.  [download] 

    2013

  78. Martin Krawczyk, Robert Rehr, Timo Gerkmann, "Phase-Sensitive Real-Time Capable Speech Enhancement Under Voiced-Unvoiced Uncertainty", European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Marrakech, Morocco, Sep 2013, invited paper. [download] 
  79. Richard Hendriks, Zeki Erkin, Timo Gerkmann, "Privacy Preserving Distributed Beamforming Based on Homomorphic Encryption", European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Marrakech, Morocco, Sep 2013, invited paper. [download] 
  80. Niko Moritz, Marc R. Schädler, Kamil Adiloglu, Bernd T. Meyer, Tim Jürgens, Timo Gerkmann, Birger Kollmeier, Simon Doclo, Stefan Goetze, "Noise Robust Distant Automatic Speech Recognition Utilizing NMF Based Source Separation and Auditory Feature Extraction", 2nd Int. Workshop Machine Listening in Multisource Environments (CHIME), Vancouver, Canada, Jun. 2013.  [doi] [download] 
  81. Ramón Astudillo, Timo Gerkmann, "On the Relation Between Speech Corruption Models in the Spectral and the Cepstral Domain", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Vancouver, Canada, May 2013.  [doi] [download] 
  82. Richard Hendriks, Zekeriya Erkin, Timo Gerkmann, "Privacy-preserving Distributed Speech Enhancement for Wireless Sensor Networks by Processing in the Encrypted Domain", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Vancouver, Canada, May 2013.  [doi] [download] 

    2012

  83. Timo Gerkmann, Martin Krawczyk, Robert Rehr, "Phase estimation in speech enhancement - unimportant, important, or impossible?", IEEE Convention of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in Israel, Eilat, Israel, Nov. 2012.  [doi] [download] 
  84. Martin Krawczyk, Timo Gerkmann, "STFT Phase Improvement for Single Channel Speech Enhancement", Int. Workshop Acoust. Signal Enhancement (IWAENC), Aachen, Germany, Sep. 2012. [download] 
  85. Timo Gerkmann, Richard C. Hendriks, "Improved MMSE-Based Noise PSD Tracking Using Temporal Cepstrum Smoothing", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Kyoto, Japan, Mar. 2012. [Audio]  [doi] [download] 

    2011

  86. Jalil Taghia, Timo Gerkmann, Arne Leijon, "Blind Source Separation of Nondisjoint Sources in the Time-Frequency Domain with Model-based Determination of Source Contribution", IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, Bilbao, Spain, Dec. 2011.  [doi] [download] 
  87. Nasser Mohammadiha, Timo Gerkmann, Arne Leijon, "A New Approach for Speech Enhancement Based on a Constrained Nonnegative Matrix Factorization", IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, Chiangmai, Thailand, Dec. 2011.  [doi] [download] 
  88. Timo Gerkmann, Richard C. Hendriks, "Noise Power Estimation Based on the Probability of Speech Presence", IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA), New Paltz, NY, USA, Oct. 2011.
    [Audio+Code]  [doi] [download] 
  89. Nasser Mohammadiha, Timo Gerkmann, Arne Leijon, "A New Linear MMSE Filter for Single Channel Speech Enhancement Based on Nonnegative Matrix Factorization", IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, New Paltz, NY, USA, Oct. 2011.  [doi] [download] 
  90. Timo Gerkmann, "Cepstral Weighting for Speech Dereverberation Without Musical Noise", European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Barcelona, Spain, Sep. 2011. [Audio]  [doi] [download] 
  91. Richard C. Hendriks, Timo Gerkmann, "Estimation of the Noise Correlation Matrix", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Prague, Czech Republic, May 2011.  [doi] [download] 

    2010

  92. Timo Gerkmann, Rainer Martin, "Cepstral smoothing with reduced computational complexity", ITG-Fachtagung Sprachkommunikation, Bochum, Germany, Oct. 2010. 
  93. Timo Gerkmann, Rainer Martin, "Empirical Distributions of DFT-Domain Speech Coefficients Based on Estimated Speech Variances", Int. Workshop on Acoustic Echo and Noise Control, Tel Aviv, Israel, Aug. 2010. [download]
  94. Anil Nagathil, Timo Gerkmann, Rainer Martin, "Musical Genre Classification Based on a Highly-resolved Cepstral Modulation Spectrum", European Signal Processing Conference, Aalborg, Denmark, Aug. 2010. [download] 
  95. Timo Gerkmann, Martin Krawczyk, Rainer Martin, "Speech presence probability estimation based on temporal cepstrum smoothing", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Dallas, TX, USA, Mar. 2010.  [download] 

    2009

  96. Timo Gerkmann, Rainer Martin, Derya Dalga, "Multi-Microphone Maximum A Posteriori Fundamental Frequency Estimation in the Cepstral Domain", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Taipei, Taiwan, Apr. 2009.  [doi] [download] 

    2008

  97. Dirk Mauler, Timo Gerkmann, Rainer Martin, "An Analysis of Quefrency Selective Temporal Smoothing of the Cepstrum in Speech Enhancement", Int. Workshop on Acoustic Echo and Noise Control, Seattle, WA, USA, Sep. 2008.  [download] 
  98. Colin Breithaupt, Timo Gerkmann, Rainer Martin, "A Novel A Priori SNR Estimation Approach Based on Selective Cepstro-Temporal Smoothing", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Las Vegas, NV, USA, Apr. 2008.  [doi] [download] 
  99. Timo Gerkmann, Colin Breithaupt, Rainer Martin, "Bias Compensation for Cepstro-Temporal Smoothing of Spectral Filter Gains", ITG-Fachtagung Sprachkommunikation, Aachen, Germany, Jan. 2008. [download] 

    2006

  100. Timo Gerkmann, Rainer Martin, "Soft Decision Combining for Dual Channel Noise Reduction", ISCA Interspeech, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Sep. 2006.  [download] 
  101. Justinian Rosca, Timo Gerkmann, Doru-Cristian Balcan, "Statistical Inference of Missing Speech Data in the ICA Domain", IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP), Toulouse, France, May 2006.  [doi] [download] 

Abstracts, Demos, Keynotes

  1. Jean-Marie Lemercier, Joachim Thiemann, Raphael Koning, Timo Gerkmann, "Subjective evaluation of DNN-assisted WPE dereverberation algorithms with end-to-end optimization", 25. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Audiologie (DGA), Cologne, Germany, Mar. 2023.
  2. Timo Gerkmann, "Machine Learning for Speech Signal Processing on Hearing Devices", Int. Hearing Aid Research Conference (IHCON), Lake Tahoe, CA, USA, Aug. 2022, invited keynote. [download]
  3. Timo Gerkmann, "Statistical Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Speech Enhancement", ITG Conference on Speech Communication, Kiel, Germany, Oct. 2021, invited keynote. [download]
  4. Timo Gerkmann, "Phase-Aware Speech Processing", 46th Erlanger Kolloquium for audiological research and development, Erlangen, Germany, Feb. 2019, invited keynote. [download]
  5. Robert Rehr, Timo Gerkmann, "On the Robustness of DNN-Based Speech Enhancement for Different Features and Training Sets", 46th Erlanger Kolloquium for audiological research and development, Erlangen, Germany, Feb. 2019.
  6. Benjamin Cauchi, Ina Kodrasi, Robert Rehr, Stephan Gerlach, Ante Jukic, Jan Wellmann, Timo Gerkman, Simon Doclo, Stefan Goetze, "Joint noise reduction and dereverberation for speech enhancement in real-time applications", Real-time demonstration at AES 60th Conference, Leuven, Belgium, Feb. 2016.
  7. R. M. Baumgärtel,  M. Krawczyk-Becker, D. Marquardt, H. Hu, T. Herzke, G. Coleman, K. Adiloğlu, K. Bomke, K. Plotz, R. Huber, T. Gerkmann, S. Doclo, B. Kollmeier, V. Hohmann, M. Dietz, "Instrumental and perceptual assessment of binaural speech enhancement algorithms for bilateral CI users", Structured Session "Advanced Signal Processing Techniques for CI and hearing aids", 12th Congress of the European Federation of Audiology Societies, Istanbul, Turkey, 2015
  8. Rainer Huber, Thomas Bisitz, Timo Gerkmann, Jürgen Kießling, Hartmut Meister, "Comparison of Single-channel Noise Reduction Schemes: Can Hearing Impaired Listeners Tell the Difference?", Int. Hearing Aid Research Conference (IHCON), Aug. 2014.
  9. Robert Rehr, Martin Krawczyk, Timo Gerkmann, "A comparison of state-of-the-art speech fundamental frequency estimators in noisy and reverberant environments", DAGA Jahrestagung für Akustik, Mar. 2014.
  10. R. M. Baumgärtel,  M. Krawczyk-Becker, D. Marquardt, H. Hu, T. Herzke, G. Coleman, K. Adiloğlu, K. Bomke, K. Plotz, R. Huber, T. Gerkmann, S. Doclo, B. Kollmeier, V. Hohmann and M. Dietz, "Speech understanding in realistic noise environments using binaural signal pre-processing strategies in bilateral CI users", 13th International Conference on Cochlear Implants and Other Implantable Auditory Technologies (CI 2014), Munich, 2014.
  11. R. M. Baumgärtel, D. Marquardt, M. Krawczyk-Becker,  H. Hu, T. Herzke, G. Coleman, K. Adiloğlu, K. Bomke, K. Plotz, R. Huber, T. Gerkmann, S. Doclo, B. Kollmeier, V. Hohmann and M. Dietz, "Sprachverstehen bilateral implantierter Cochlea-Implantat-Träger in realistischen Störgeräuschen bei Benutzung binauraler Signalverarbeitungsstrategien", 17. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Audiologie, Oldenburg, 2014
  12. Masoumeh Azarpour, Dominic Schmid, Rainer Martin, Timo Gerkmann, "An Evaluation of Binaural Noise and Reverberation Reduction Algorithms", AIA-DAGA Conference on Acoustics, Meran, Italy, Mar. 2013.
  13. Timo Gerkmann, Martin Krawczyk, "Employing the Speech Spectral Phase for an Improved Single Channel Speech Enhancement", Erlanger Kolloquium, Erlangen, Germany, Feb. 2013.
  14. Timo Gerkmann, Martin Krawczyk, Robert Rehr, "Phase Estimation for Single Channel Speech Enhancement: Meaningless, Important, or Impossible?", AUDIS Workshop, Aachen, Germany, Sep. 2012.
  15. Timo Gerkmann, Colin Breithaupt, Dirk Mauler, Martin Krawczyk, Rainer Martin, "Real-time Speech Enhancement Using Temporal Cepstrum Smoothing", ICASSP Show and Tell, Dallas, TX, USA, Mar. 2010.
  16. Timo Gerkmann, Rainer Martin, "On the Statistics of Cepstral Coefficients for Chi-Distributed Spectral Amplitudes", DAGStat, Dortmund, Germany, Mar. 2010.
  17. Timo Gerkmann, Rainer Martin, "Cepstral Smoothing for Speech Enhancement without Musical Noise", Erlanger Kolloquium, Erlangen, Germany, Feb. 2010.
  18. Anil Nagathil, Timo Gerkmann, Rainer Martin, "Cepstral Modulation Features for Classifying Audio Data", 36. Deutsche Jahrestagung für Akustik (DAGA), Berlin, Germany, Mar. 2010.

Granted Patents

  1. Timo Gerkmann, Rainer Martin, Henning Puder, Wolfgang Sörgel: "Hearing Device and Method for Operating a Hearing Device with Two-stage Transformation", German Patent DE102010026884B4, granted Nov. 2013, US Patent US 8948424B2, granted Feb. 2015.
  2. Timo Gerkmann and Rainer Martin: "Method for Determining Unbiased Signal Amplitude Estimates After Cepstral Variance Modification", United States Patent US8208666B2, granted Jun. 2012.
  3. Timo Gerkmann, Colin Breithaupt, and Rainer Martin: "Method for Bias Compensation for Cepstro-Temporal Smoothing of Spectral Filter Gains", European Patent EP2151820B1, granted Oct. 2011, Danish Patent DK2151820T3, granted Feb. 2012, United States Patent US8271271B2, granted Sep. 2012.
  4. Colin Breithaupt, Timo Gerkmann, and Rainer Martin: "Spectral Smoothing Method for Noisy Signals", European Patent EP2158588B1, granted Oct. 2010, Danish Patent DK2158588T3, granted Feb. 2011, US Patent US8892431B2, granted Nov. 2014.
  5. Timo Gerkmann and Rainer Martin: "Method for Noise Reduction and Associated Hearing Device", German Patent DE102008031150B3, granted Nov. 2009.